Technical Writing - Types of Technical Reports

Technical writers at the start of their careers often find themselves confused as to what constitutes technical writing in the first place. There are many different applications for the new author and they may often find that not all of those are truly "technical". So for the new professional here's a quick list of some common documents they may be asked to create and what they are for.

Background Reports

Unless you work for the CIA this doesn't usually mean a report about a person and their life and habits. A background report is normally a brief (1 or 2 page) study into the application of a specific aspect of technology (for example the use of photovoltaic cells in solar energy transfer). Usually these reports are generated for a specific (and paying) audience and are singular in their application rather than generic.

Technical Writing - Types of Technical Reports

Instruction Sets

More commonly known as user guides or manuals, these are the staple product of many a technical author and self-explanatory. They are the "how to do x, y and z" of a product or service.

Feasibility Studies

These studies examine whether undertaking a specific project or task is possible and/or advisable within a specific business environment.

Recommendation Reports

This report is usually a comparison of 2 or more alternative actions that a business might choose to pursue, with a concrete recommendation of which avenue is deemed to be best at that moment.

Evaluation Reports

Here the technical author will examine the outcome of a particular project and make a determination as to the benefits and return on investment. Often called assessment reports, they are a key part of the project life cycle and can inform future projects and investments.

Research Report

These are usually scientific in nature and outline the results from a range of tasks such as lab experiments or market surveys. The focus of these reports is not just the outcome but also the methodology under which the results were created.

Functional Specification Documents

This document is normally associated with a new product and in particular software. You are trying to capture the full functionality of the offering, in as much detail as possible. Functional specifications are often dense and a poor test of a writer's skill as they tend to deliver wordy descriptions which encapsulate all requirements.

Proposals

A proposal is a suggestion for a project, and can run into thousands of pages for highly complex work. The author's job is to create a platform on which the proposal can be evaluated and will usually need to conform to industry and organisational guidelines.

Technical Writing - Types of Technical Reports
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Nick is the President of http://www.authoring4u.com a specialist consultancy based in Shenzhen China, which helps companies from around the world save time and money in the areas of; technical documentation, Internet presence and marketing and Press Relations.

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Types of Report Writing

A report is a dreadfully official document that is written to serve the range of purpose in the engineering and business disciplines; sciences and social sciences. Therefore, they need to be clear-cut and accurate. Good report writing call for--- professionalism, profound knowledge of the subject, attentiveness, and outstanding writing proficiency.

Types of Report Writing ---

Research Report Writing Business Report Writing Science Report Writing
Research Report Writing--- To presents the tangible proof of the conducted research is the major intention of the academic assignment. When writing on research report, you must ponder over clarity, organization, and content. Research reports are all the more same to technical reports, lab reports, formal reports and scientific papers which comprise a quite consistent format that will facilitate you to put your information noticeably, making it crystal clear.

Types of Report Writing

Business Report Writing--- In business milieu, Business report writing happens to be an indispensable part of the communication process. Executive summary is written in a non-technical manner. By and large, audience for business reports will consist of upper level manager, for that reason you should take the audience needs in consideration. Go on with the introduction to articulate the problem and determine the scope of the research. To attain the desired results, don't fail to state about the precise quantitative tools.

Science Report Writing--- Parallel to a business report, science report writing also corresponds with the line of investigation. To report upon an empirical investigation, these reports make use of standard scientific report format, portraying technique, fallout and conclusions. As an assignment in undergraduate papers within the scientific disciplines, it is required frequently.

The main objective of the Science report is to boast an aim, the technique which enlightens how the project has been analyzed, the outcomes which presents the findings and the conclusion. This embraces advance research suggestions and your own biased opinion on the topic which has been talked about.

When writing a science report, do not fail to remember to use heading and subheadings in order to direct a reader through your work. In the form of tables and graphs, Statistical evidence should be incorporated in appendices. Than refer to it in the body of your scientific report.

Reports are a common form of writing because of the inclusion of recommendations which are helpful in implementing the decision.

Types of Report Writing
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Source:
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The Best CV Format

There are many different types of CV available so you may be confused as to which CV will best present your profile, skills, qualifications and work experience. Before just writing down the information, you should research the types or formats of Curriculum Vitae that will present you and your career information in the best possible way in order to achieve an effective CV - one that gets you chosen for interviews.

There are mainly six different CV formats: the Chronological CV, the Performance CV, the Functional CV, the Targeted CV, the Alternative CV and the Universal CV. There are other names and of similar variations of the same, such as the hybrid CV, the Comprehensive CV and the Brief CV.

The Chronological CV is one that lists your education, work history, experience, etc in reverse order of the events. This is the most used Curriculum Vitae; however, it may not be the best CV to use for your situation. If you have just graduated from college for example, you may not possess a list of job specific specialised training, work history, or professional experience. This may be the ideal type of CV for a person that has performed well in his or her career and has plenty of information to add in a chronological manner.

The Best CV Format

The Performance CV is similar to the chronological CV, you can however, add achievements with the information provided in chronological order such as awards and information of the school, company, and a person to contact. This format is great for those with job experience of which to display a company in their work history.

The Functional CV the focus is on your career functions - i.e. an expansion on your skills performed. This format is often used for individuals / managers that are seeking a position in a different field. This CV type is also good for those for trades or technical employees employed on various short term contracts.

The Targeted CV focuses on the vacancy that you desire within a company. With this CV type, you only list education and work history that is relevant to the specific job position. This format is used by people that have been employed in various fields, but wish to focus on one job area or specific job vacancy.

The Alternative CV is one that is often used for creative people and positions. An individual can be a more flamboyant and add more personality to their Curriculum Vitae. This type is used by people that want to focus and advertise themselves rather than their achievements.

The Universal CV can be a mix of all of the above. If you are confused about which CV to use this is the safest one to present to prospective employers. Choosing this format is usually the best way to get the attention you deserve if you are writing your own CV. This CV will display the pertinent information you need in order to be chosen for an interview.

The Best CV Format
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The RFP Template - Writing Proposals That Win Bids

Many businesses and organizations use a request-for-proposal (RFP) format to receive bids for work or goods that they wish to purchase. By using this proven RFP template below, you can become more successful at proposal writing and win more bids.

Because RFP writing can be challenging and time-consuming, many businesses either don't participate in the bid process or they don't write bids that win. Proposal writing is a combination of science and art: you need to follow guidelines or a template (the science) and you need to write a compelling and persuasive bid (the art).

First, recognize that there are a number of different methods used for bids or tenders: request for expressions of interest (RFEIP), request for proposal (RFP), request for qualification (RFQ), request for information (RFI), and request for technical specifications (RFTS). These requests are typically used by all levels of government; hospitals; schools, universities and colleges; and a number of organizations (typically larger organizations such as banking institutions, utility companies, and so on). Often the value of the 'buy' dictates whether or not the request for proposal or bid process will be used (for example, no one is putting out a request for proposal for a roll of toilet paper, but if the request is to supply the whole hospital with toilet paper, it is likely to be purchased through the RFP process).

The RFP Template - Writing Proposals That Win Bids

Then, before you begin writing your response to the RFP, review the request for proposal and ensure that you want to bid for it; I've known clients that have got all the way to the end of proposal writing and then decided the RFP wasn't a good fit for them or that the bid was too big, too small, not right. Develop your own bid or no-bid criteria and assess each RFP or other requests (RFEIP, RFQ, RFI, RFTS) before you begin the work of writing proposals.

This RFP template provides an outline of how to write a proposal: (Note: this is for a common type of RFP; there are many variations)

The typical bid package or documents will include:
A project or goods overview or summary, including specifications, quantity, time frame and/or other details required for the proposal; A due date for the bid and for the work to be done or the goods delivered; If applicable, the vendors meeting schedule (usually provided if the specifications are complex and need to be discussed); Buyer's contact name, phone number, address and/or email address for delivery of the bid; Attachments as necessary: which often include payment terms and conditions, legal and insurance requirements, other related information; The package will also include management and technical requirements and expectations for the bid; The bid documents should also include a contact if questions are allowed (recognize that most times, questions and answers are posted for all respondents to see - be careful what you 'give away' to your competitors in your questions).

Your proposal needs to include:
Your Qualifications: Consider whether you have the necessary qualifications and experience for the proposal; if not, consider an alliance or partnership with another vendor or consider subcontracting parts of the bid. Make sure that with either scenario (partnership or subcontracting) that you control the service and the product: your reputation is on the line. In your qualifications, make sure you include a description of who will be working on the project and why your company is uniquely qualified to deliver the product. Provide individual or corporate resumes and biographies if appropriate and necessary. Your References: References should answer the question; Why should you get this bid? What is better and/or unique about your service and/or product - compared to your competition? Your references need to be carefully selected and you must contact those people you use as a reference in advance to ensure that they are willing to be your reference (I recommend asking for a reference (written if possible, plus contact information) well ahead of the need for one). Read the bid requirements carefully; some bids will limit the number and type of references you can provide. Try to use references for similar types of bids; if you do not have any, then ensure that you write the connection between your experience and the work you're bidding on (that is, what are transferable skills from your experiences). Your Solution: In this section, present your unique solution; the one that differentiates your proposal from others. Also, define your understanding of their request and how you plan to address their needs. Your service or product positioning must be clearly written. Make sure that your solution indicates to the buyer that you understand their problem, their market and that you can deliver the best solution. Your Price or Fee: Consider pricing strategies that are specific to your bid. The lowest price is not the one that wins - all the time. If you need to buy materials as soon as you are awarded the contract, write your bid to include progressive payments. You might want to show what the price includes, for example, 5 days on market survey design and launch; 5 days on survey tabulation and focus groups, etc. Your payment terms must be clearly identified and easy to understand (and not in conflict with any terms in the request for proposal). Build a cancellation clause into your bid: for acts above and beyond your control (earthquake, floods, fire, etc.) - have a lawyer review your clause and then use that as a standard clause on each proposal that you write. Build a price escalation clause for long term projects; you might want to tie the price escalation clause to inflation or to your projected cost increases. There are always administrative details to review; make sure you take the time to read them carefully and if you do not agree or cannot comply, then address the issue in your bid. Do not leave any sections or questions unanswered in your bid: you will score zero on that answer in the evaluation process (which usually 'marks' the answers in each section).

Once the bid or tender is awarded, and if you were not the winner, ask for a debrief or review: you want to find out why you didn't win the bid and you want to apply the lessons learned in the debrief on your next bid. Learning how to write an RFP, specifically how to write winning bids, becomes easier the more bids that you write. Once you've developed this RFP template into your own template for your business, you will find that writing proposals is faster, more effective and more successful. The goal is to write winning proposals.

The RFP Template - Writing Proposals That Win Bids
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Not all sales come from RFPs, learn how to Improve Your Proposal Writing Skills with more proposal writing tips and techniques focused on the selling process.

Kris Bovay is the owner of Voice Marketing Inc., the business and marketing services company and owner of the small business resource website, http://www.more-for-small-business.com

Kris has more than 25 years experience in successfully managing and leading large, medium and small businesses; businesses that she has worked with have grown by more than 30% in sales in the first two years. Use Kris' experience to help you manage and lead your business. Copyright 2008 Voice Marketing Inc.

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Key Skill List - The Most Over-Looked Part of Writing a CV

Key skills lists are a vital part of any CV.

But in spite of this many people applying for jobs are unaware even of what they are, never mind how vital. So let us first examine what we mean by a Key Skill List.

Every applicant for any job ever has a list of skills they can bring to bear, whether it be the common place 'fast learner' to the less common 'Siemens S7 programming experience'. The key skill list then is almost exactly what it sounds like... a list of your skills, or at least your key skills.

Key Skill List - The Most Over-Looked Part of Writing a CV

before you apply for any job you will know what the key skills for the types of job you are applying to are, and what you have most experience and ability in. These are the skills that you should be putting into your list. What you are trying to do is make it very, very visible exactly what you are best at so that there is no doubt in the mind of the person reading the CV you are very good at what you want to be seen to be good at.

Ideally you should be aiming for between 5 and 10 key skills in bullet point form, placed just after your name and contact information... the idea being to colour the mind of the person the CV so that they are keeping an eye for your potential key skills in all the roles that you later describe.

But the Key Skills List does more than that. Writing a CV these days has to have an SEO (search engine optimization) element to it. Recruiters find CV's these days but searching job boards for the key words of a vacancy (usually passed on to them by the clients), the keywords being your skills. The more your skills come up in your CV then the more, and the higher up the order of CV's, you will appear.

A key skill list, whereby you have an extra keyword listed AND have it at the start of the document, is a definite advantage for having your CV noticed in such search engines... and for getting it past non-technical people such as recruiters and HR people.

Key Skill List - The Most Over-Looked Part of Writing a CV
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Performance Appraisals - 5 Key Strengths to Highlight

Performance appraisals, performance reviews, performance feedback - they all refer to the same process that is very much part and parcel of working in large organizations. That doesn't mean that smaller companies do not conduct performance appraisals, but they tend to do it less formally.

Performance feedback is clearly a necessary evil, as it allows a company to reward and recognize its best employees to motivate them further. For employees who aren't performing at optimum levels, it provides a structured way of working with the employees to raise their performance.

From an employee' perspective, it is thus critical to ensure that your performance appraisals capture the best of your work during the period under review. The performance appraisal form becomes a permanent record that will have an impact on your career not only in the same organization, but may also be used as reference if requested by a future employer.

Performance Appraisals - 5 Key Strengths to Highlight

Obviously the most important thing to include in your performance feedback is achievement of your business goals or metrics. List down the key metrics and provide supporting evidence on how you achieved those goals. Include also challenges or obstacles that you managed to overcome.

Regardless of the industry, company or role you're in, incorporate the following 5 key strengths in your performance appraisals. There is great emphasis on these values as they form the foundation for a company's corporate culture, and are critical for its survival and long-term growth.

Key Strength # 1: Focus on customer satisfaction - describe how you contribute to increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty for the company's long-term growth.
Key Strength # 2: Teamwork and collaboration - highlight how you build lasting relationships with other teams and work collaboratively to achieve common goals.
Key Strength # 3: Open communications - emphasize your willingness to listen to new ideas, or to adopt alternative approaches
Key Strength # 4: Interpersonal skills - stress your ability to work with all levels within the organization
Key Strength # 5: Adaptability to change - illustrate how you're able to adapt in the face of constant changes in the organization or industry

High ratings in these areas will enhance your technical or functional expertise, and will make you a more valuable player within the organization.

Performance Appraisals - 5 Key Strengths to Highlight
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David A. Russell is the author of the Phrases for Performance Appraisals Resource Guide, which helps professionals prepare and submit well-written performance appraisals. More information about the resource guide is available at: http://www.PhrasesForPerformanceAppraisals.com

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Technical Writing - Writing in "Standard Written English"

There's them as say there ain't no right way nor wrong way to write. It's all in how you feel like writing and who cares. Thems what you call your descriptive grammarians. They don't tell you how it is people should write so much as describe how folks do write. One way's OK like another. Long's you get the idea across.

Then, there are those who believe that there are some consistent rules of standard, written English that are observed by the majority of educated people. They're called proscriptive grammarians. They'll cite rules of grammar, punctuation, and sentence construction that should be followed if what we write is to be clear and intelligible.

True, those on the proscriptive side don't always agree on the rules, even among themselves. They get very intense over things like whether you should write "in the early 80's" or "in the early '80s" or whether there should be a comma before the and in the series "glue, adhesive, and gum." But even when they don't agree, it usually comes down to two choices, and they do agree that if you don't use one, you should certainly use the other.

Technical Writing - Writing in "Standard Written English"

As individuals, we can agree with either side, but as technical writers, we're much better off when we write in a way that follows the dictates of Standard Written English (SWE). We can believe all we want that one person's way of writing is just as good as another. And, in private use, it is. But we know perfectly well that a person who writes the kind of material we do who doesn't have what's generally considered "good" language skills won't be considered a professional - and won't get work.

Clients may not know the rules, but they can sure spot it when they're not followed. Write "they was the ones who paid," and everyone in the review session will say it's wrong. Maybe no one will tell you that you made a pronoun/verb agreement error, but they'll all tell you you're wrong.

You don't learn SWE by being a tech writer. Being able to write well is what you bring with you to the job. It doesn't matter how you develop your language skills. Many writers get them from a good high school or college education. That's not the only way - or even the surest. Too many people get advanced degrees without ever learning that "They gave the prize to him and I" is bad grammar. You certainly don't have to be a college graduate to be a good writer, but you do have to be a good writer whether you've got a degree or not.

So, where do you learn to write SWE? There a number of good ways. Going to school is one. If you're getting your tech writing training at a college or university, writing skills are part of the curriculum. If you can't go that route, you can still take classes in writing. There are plenty of schools and training organizations that offer classes in both basic and advanced writing. Some communities colleges do, and there are a ton of resources online. It's worth checking out a number of them until you find the one that fits your personal needs.

Something you should do in addition to taking a class is read. Read the classics, read magazines and newspapers, read everything. The more you see good writing in use, the easier it will be for you to write well yourself. Then, write. Practice is as much a part of developing your writing skill as it is if you want to be a better musician, athlete, or artist. Writing well is a skill, but it's also a habit. The more you do it right, the better you get and the easier it is.

If you take a formal class, you'll be told to get a style guide. If you're not taking a class, get a style guide anyway. All successful writers have at least one good style guide. Some have half-a-dozen. Then get a good, up-to-date dictionary and a book of synonyms such as Roget's. These are a writer's basic tools. Use them to check what you write to be sure that you're following the same rules that the vast majority of writers do.

Is all this really necessary? Yes, it is, and I'll tell you why. Tech writing is a great career. If nothing else, it's just more interesting than a lot of jobs. But it's still a job, and every job has its own skill-set. For us, it's being able to write SWE. If we can't do that, we don't get work. Then, we don't get paid. And then we can't make a living. That's called bottom line. In this business, being able to write well is bottom line.

Technical Writing - Writing in "Standard Written English"
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If you can write a simple sentence and organize your thoughts then technical writing may be a rewarding field. You can easily make it a second income stream in your spare time.

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the average salary for technical writers is ,380. Freelance technical writers can make from to per hour.

The field of technical writing is like a golden city. It's filled with wealth, rewards and opportunities. After learning technical writing you can branch out into business writing, marketing writing and communications writing. All of these can become additional income streams.

But to succeed you must learn how to market yourself to clients. You have to prove to them that you are an invaluable asset. That's where ProTech - Your Fast Track to Becoming a Successful Technical Writer can help. It's a technical writing course that does two equally important things:

1. It teaches you the skills to become a technical writer in the shortest time frame. You'll learn to create manuals, procedures, tutorials, processes, proposals, spec sheets and other documents that businesses need.

2. It shows you how to market yourself to clients so you can start your income stream as soon as possible.

In fact, you'll get a complete marketing toolkit which has templates and technical writing job sites to get started immediately!

You can download two sample lessons by clicking the link below.

This could be your chance to create a prosperous future.

Click the link below to download your two sample lessons.

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